|
Anna Maria Lenngren, née ''Malmstedt'' (June 18, 1754 – March 8, 1817), was a Swedish poet. She belongs to the most famous poets in Swedish history. ==Life== Anna Maria Lenngren was born in Uppsala as the daughter of the poet Magnus Brynolfsson Malmstedt (1724-1798), a professor in Latin of the Uppsala University, and Märta Johanna Florin (d. 1788). Her father was a member of the Moravian Church and known for his social work: from 1772, he hosted a school for poor children in his home. Both her parents published psalms, and her brother Johan Magnus (1749—80) wrote secular poems. Anna Maria Lenngren is regarded to have been affected against religion and in favor of the realism of the age of enlightenment because of her dislike of her father's passionate religious feelings, but her humanism and passion for social justice has also been attributed to the influence of her philanthropic father.〔Anna Maria Lenngren, urn:sbl:11226, Svenskt biografiskt lexikon (art av Magnus von Platen), hämtad 2015-11-17.〕 In her social views, she felt sympathy for the working classes, opposed the privileges of the nobility and acted as a spokesperson for the "third estate", and idealized a simple and humble life style.〔 Her father observed her talent early on and stated that he wished to "make of her a not only literary, but learned woman":〔 he gave her an advanced education, and she was tutored at home in Latin and the Classics of antiquity.〔 Her favorite poet was Horace.〔 Anna Maria Lenngren began her production with reviews, epitomes, epigrams and translations in the 1770s: among her earliest work were likely interpretations of Horace, published anonymously in the press.〔 In 1772, she debuted with the first poem published under her own name, the funeral poem ''På mademoiselle Anna Lovisa Pahls saliga hemfärds dag, den 14 Maji 1772, die Corona''. In 1774-77, she frequently participated in the paper ''Hwad Nytt?? Hwad Nytt??'' by Anna Hammar-Rosén. In 1776 she was commissioned by Duke Charles, the King's brother, for a translation by the French language operetta ''Lucile'', which became known as the first French language operetta translated to the Swedish language. In its introduction, she defended women's right to intellectual work.〔 The translation was a success: Lenngren was awarded a golden clock as a token of appreciation by the royal Duchess Charlotte, and was after this assigned several similar translation work by the royal house.〔 Lenngren enjoyed great success: already in 1774, she was inducted in to a literary society in Uppsala, she was given good reviews and poetic tributes in the press, became known as a defender of intellectual women and referred to herself as a "litterata".〔 She was inducted as a member of the Royal Society of Sciences and Letters in Gothenburg in 1775, and as a member of the Utile Dulci in 1779.〔Ann Öhrberg: Fasa för all flärd, konstlan och förställning” Den ideala retorn inom 1700-talets nya offentlighet. Samlaren. 2010〕 She was one of only three females known to have been members of the Utile Dulci, the others being Anna Charlotta von Stapelmohr and Anna Brita Wendelius.〔 In 1777, she repeated her demand in favor of women's right to intellectual pursuits in ''Thé-conseillen''.〔 In 1780, she married the official Carl Peter Lenngren (1750-1827). Her spouse was the chief editor of ''Stockholms-Posten'', which he published in collaboration with Johan Henric Kellgren. Kellgren worked together with her on several assignments from 1778 onward, and he reportedly acted as a source of inspiration for her, and she shared his interest in the ideas of Voltaire.〔 She published poems and prose in ''Stockholms-Posten'' from 1778 onward, but from her wedding, she only published her work anonymously, and toward the end of the 1780s, her production had been discontinued altogether. Her marriage signified a great change in her life. After her wedding, she officially stopped being literary active and concealed her further production under anonymous pseudonyms, and in her work, she renounced her previous stand in favor of women's intellectual and literary emancipation, and promoted that women should renounce literary pursuits in favor of developing their character to be a suitable wife and mother: eventually, she stopped her production entirely.〔 Whether she was honest in this change of opinion, or used irony to make a point, has been the subject of debate.〔 Lenngren came to admire Rousseau, and may have come to support his ideas of the role of women in the 1780s, views which was further supported by the religious values of simplicity and humility in her childhood home.〔 Ingrid Arvidsson estimated that she had a deeply ambivalent view on the subject, affected by her personality: "The fact that Mrs L was hurt by criticism is evident in several of her poems, but she did also have the more unusual sensitivity of being hurt by admiration".〔 After her marriage, she hosted a literary salon, which became a center of cultural debate and frequented by Gustaf af Leopold, Nils von Rosenstein, Frans Michael Franzén and Gudmund Jöran Adlerbeth.〔 During these years she is described as witty and intelligent but humble and modest. Her spouse are described as "foremost known as useful and boring",〔 but reportedly, the marriage was a happy one, and she use to take him to the Utile Dulci Academy, where she was a member, and sing with him.〔 She had no children, but she adopted a daughter: her daughter was placed in a mental asylum, but died soon after her admission in 1797, an event which affected her deeply, as did the death of her father, who drowned under suspicious circumstances in 1798.〔 In 1790, another great change occurred when Johan Henric Kellgren discontinued his literary production because of an illness.〔 This damaged the paper of her spouse and Anna Maria Lenngren resumed her contributions in ''Stockholms-Posten'' for financial reasons.〔 However, she insisted on staying anonymous and refused to officially resume her career, although unofficially her pseudonyms were known and she was known as the writer of the work which she published during these years, though she insisted on remaining officially anonymous.〔 Her salon at Beridarebansgatan was the center of the Royal Swedish Academy, and though she was never a formal member, she was referred to by the academy as their "Invisible member". On 20 December 1797, the Royal Swedish Academy celebrated her with the ''Ode till fru Lenngren'' (Ode to Mrs Lenngren), read by Gustaf Fredrik Gyllenborg. She declined their admiration with the poem ''Dröm'' (Dream), in which she described how Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht had appeared to her and deemed her unworthy.〔 However, she signed ''Dröm'' with her own name, the first work she signed with hr own name since her marriage, and it was also to be her last.〔 Anna Maria Lenngren died of breast cancer, aged 62, and was interred in the Klara kyrka cemetery in Stockholm. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Anna Maria Lenngren」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|